Mataki na farko a cikin kowane tsarin masana'anta na gani shine zaɓin kayan aikin gani masu dacewa. Siffofin gani (ƙididdiga mai jujjuyawa, lambar Abbe, watsawa, tunani), kaddarorin jiki (taurin, nakasawa, abun ciki na kumfa, rabon Poisson), har ma da halayen zafin jiki (madaidaicin haɓakar thermal, alaƙa tsakanin fihirisar refractive da zafin jiki) na kayan gani Duk zai shafi abubuwan gani na kayan aikin gani. Ayyukan kayan aikin gani da tsarin. Wannan labarin zai ɗan gabatar da kayan aikin gani na gama gari da kaddarorin su.
Kayan gani sun kasu galibi zuwa kashi uku: Gilashin gani, crystal na gani da kayan gani na musamman.
01 Gilashin gani
Gilashin gani shine amorphous (gilashin) kayan matsakaici na gani wanda zai iya watsa haske. Hasken da ke wucewa ta cikinsa na iya canza alkiblarsa, lokaci da ƙarfinsa. Ana yawan amfani da shi don samar da kayan aikin gani kamar prisms, ruwan tabarau, madubai, tagogi da tacewa a cikin kayan aikin gani ko tsarin. Gilashin gani yana da babban nuna gaskiya, kwanciyar hankali na sinadarai da daidaiton jiki a cikin tsari da aiki. Yana da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun abubuwan gani da gani. A cikin ƙananan zafin jiki mai ƙarfi, gilashin gani yana riƙe da tsarin amorphous na yanayin ruwan zafi mai zafi. Mahimmanci, abubuwan da ke cikin jiki da sinadarai na gilashin, kamar alamar refractive, thermal expansion coefficient, hardness, thermal conductivity, Electric conductivity, elastic modules, da dai sauransu, duk iri ɗaya ne a duk kwatance, wanda ake kira isotropy.
Manyan masana'antun na gilashin gani sun hada da Schott na Jamus, Corning na Amurka, Ohara na Japan, da Chengdu Guangming Glass (CDGM), da dai sauransu.
Fihirisar mai jujjuyawa da zane mai watsawa
na gani gilashin refractive index masu lankwasa
Ƙwayoyin watsawa
02. Na gani crystal
Lu'ulu'u na gani yana nufin kayan kristal da ake amfani da su a cikin kafofin watsa labarai na gani. Saboda tsarin halayen lu'ulu'u na gani, ana iya amfani da shi don yin windows daban-daban, ruwan tabarau, da prisms don aikace-aikacen ultraviolet da infrared. Dangane da tsarin kristal, ana iya raba shi zuwa kristal guda ɗaya da polycrystalline. Kayan lu'ulu'u guda ɗaya suna da ingancin kristal mai girma da watsa haske, da kuma ƙarancin shigar da ƙara, don haka lu'ulu'u ɗaya galibi ana amfani da su a cikin lu'ulu'u na gani.
Musamman: Kayan UV na gama gari da kayan kristal na infrared sun haɗa da: ma'adini (SiO2), calcium fluoride (CaF2), lithium fluoride (LiF), gishirin dutse (NaCl), silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), da sauransu.
Lu'ulu'u masu launi: Lu'ulu'u masu amfani da polarizing da aka saba amfani da su sun haɗa da calcite (CaCO3), quartz (SiO2), sodium nitrate (nitrate), da dai sauransu.
Achromatic crystal: Ana amfani da sifofin watsawa na musamman na crystal don kera ruwan tabarau na haƙiƙa na achromatic. Misali, calcium fluoride (CaF2) an haɗe shi da gilashi don samar da tsarin achromatic, wanda zai iya kawar da ɓarna mai sassauƙa da bakan na biyu.
Laser crystal: ana amfani dashi azaman kayan aiki don lasers mai ƙarfi, kamar su ruby, calcium fluoride, neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet crystal, da sauransu.
An raba kayan kristal zuwa na halitta da na wucin gadi. Lu'ulu'u na halitta suna da wuya sosai, suna da wahalar girma ta hanyar wucin gadi, iyakance a girmansu, da tsada. Gabaɗaya ana la'akari da lokacin da kayan gilashin bai isa ba, yana iya aiki a cikin rukunin hasken da ba a iya gani kuma ana amfani dashi a cikin masana'antar semiconductor da masana'antar laser.
03 Kayan gani na musamman
a. Gilashi- yumbura
Glass-ceramic abu ne na gani na musamman wanda ba gilashi ko crystal ba, amma wani wuri a tsakanin. Babban bambanci tsakanin gilashin-ceramic da gilashin gani na yau da kullun shine kasancewar tsarin crystal. Yana da mafi kyawun tsarin crystal fiye da yumbu. Yana da halaye na ƙarancin haɓaka haɓakar haɓakar thermal, babban ƙarfi, babban taurin, ƙarancin yawa, da kwanciyar hankali sosai. Ana amfani dashi ko'ina wajen sarrafa lu'ulu'u masu lebur, sandunan mitoci na yau da kullun, manyan madubai, gyroscopes Laser, da sauransu.
The thermal fadada coefficient na microcrystalline Tantancewar kayan iya isa 0.0 ± 0.2 × 10-7 / ℃ (0 ~ 50 ℃)
b. Silicon Carbide
Silicon carbide abu ne na yumbu na musamman wanda kuma ana amfani dashi azaman kayan gani. Silicon carbide yana da tauri mai kyau, ƙarancin nakasar thermal coefficient, ingantaccen yanayin zafi, da gagarumin tasirin rage nauyi. Ana la'akari da shi babban abu don manyan madubai masu nauyi masu nauyi kuma ana amfani dashi ko'ina a cikin sararin samaniya, manyan lasers, semiconductor da sauran filayen.
Waɗannan nau'ikan kayan aikin gani kuma ana iya kiran su kayan aikin watsa labarai na gani. Baya ga manyan nau'ikan kayan aikin watsa labarai na gani, kayan fiber na gani, kayan fim na gani, kayan crystal na ruwa, kayan luminescent, da sauransu duk suna cikin kayan gani. Ci gaban fasahar gani ba zai iya rabuwa da fasahar kayan gani ba. Muna sa ran ci gaban fasahar kayan gani na ƙasata.
Lokacin aikawa: Janairu-05-2024
