(Flow cytometry, FCM) mai nazarin tantanin halitta ne wanda ke auna tsananin haske na alamomin tantanin halitta. Fasaha ce ta fasaha mai girma da aka haɓaka bisa bincike da rarraba ƙwayoyin halitta guda ɗaya. Yana iya sauri aunawa da rarraba girman, tsarin ciki, DNA, RNA, proteins, antigens da sauran kayan jiki ko sinadarai na sel, kuma yana iya dogara ne akan tarin waɗannan rarrabuwa.
Flow cytometer ya ƙunshi sassa biyar masu zuwa:
1 Flow chamber and fluidics system
2 Madogarar hasken Laser da tsarin siffata katako
3 Tsarin gani
4 Electronics, ajiya, nuni da tsarin bincike
5 Tsarin rarraba kwayoyin halitta
Daga cikin su, tashin hankali na Laser a cikin tushen hasken Laser da tsarin samar da katako shine babban ma'aunin siginar kyalli a cikin cytometry kwarara. Ƙarfin hasken tashin hankali da lokacin bayyanarwa suna da alaƙa da ƙarfin siginar kyalli. Laser shine tushen haske mai daidaitacce wanda zai iya samar da tsayin tsayi ɗaya, ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, da ingantaccen haske. Ita ce madaidaicin tushen haske don saduwa da waɗannan buƙatun.
Akwai ruwan tabarau na silindrical guda biyu tsakanin tushen Laser da ɗakin kwarara. Waɗannan ruwan tabarau suna mayar da hankali kan katako na Laser tare da sashin kewayawa madauwari da aka fitar daga tushen laser zuwa katako mai elliptical tare da ƙaramin yanki (22 μm × 66 μm). Ana rarraba makamashin Laser a cikin wannan katako mai elliptical bisa ga rarrabawar al'ada, yana tabbatar da daidaitaccen ƙarfin haske don sel masu wucewa ta wurin gano laser. A gefe guda kuma, tsarin gani ya ƙunshi nau'ikan ruwan tabarau masu yawa, filholes, da filtata, waɗanda za a iya kusan raba su zuwa ƙungiyoyi biyu: sama da ƙasa na ɗakin kwarara.
Tsarin na gani da ke gaban ɗakin da ke gudana ya ƙunshi ruwan tabarau da pinhole. Babban aikin ruwan tabarau da pinhole (yawanci ruwan tabarau biyu da fitilun pinhole) shine mayar da hankali kan katakon Laser tare da sashin madauwari da ke fitowa daga tushen laser zuwa katako mai elliptical tare da ƙaramin giciye. Wannan yana rarraba makamashin Laser bisa ga rarraba ta al'ada, yana tabbatar da daidaitaccen ƙarfin haske ga sel a fadin yankin gano laser da kuma rage tsangwama daga madaidaicin haske.
Akwai manyan nau'ikan tacewa guda uku:
1: Dogon wucewa tace (LPF) - kawai yana ba da damar haske tare da tsayin raƙuman ruwa sama da takamaiman ƙima don wucewa.
2: Short-pass filter (SPF) - kawai yana ba da damar haske tare da tsawon raƙuman ruwa a ƙasa takamaiman ƙima don wucewa.
3: Bandpass filter (BPF) - kawai yana ba da damar haske a cikin takamaiman kewayon tsayi don wucewa.
Haɗuwa daban-daban na masu tacewa na iya jagorantar siginar kyalli a tsayi daban-daban zuwa bututun ɗaukar hoto (PMTs). Misali, masu tacewa don gano koren fluorescence (FITC) a gaban PMT sune LPF550 da BPF525. Matatun da aka yi amfani da su don gano haske mai haske-orange (PE) a gaban PMT sune LPF600 da BPF575. Matatun don gano jan kyalli (CY5) a gaban PMT sune LPF650 da BPF675.
Ana amfani da cytometry mai gudana musamman don rarraba tantanin halitta. Tare da ci gaban fasahar na'ura mai kwakwalwa, haɓaka ilimin rigakafi da ƙirƙira fasahar antibody monoclonal, aikace-aikacen ta a fannin ilmin halitta, likitanci, kantin magani da sauran fannoni suna ƙara yaɗuwa. Waɗannan aikace-aikacen sun haɗa da nazarin haɓakar ƙwayoyin sel, apoptosis cell, buga tantanin halitta, ganewar ƙwayar cuta, nazarin ingancin magunguna, da sauransu.
Lokacin aikawa: Satumba-21-2023
